3 These statements hold true especially for the type of intellectual under consideration here and need not be discussed any further. Whenever the concept 'intellectual' is used in this chapter, it is in the most undifferentiated sense possible. This is neither the time nor the place to refine the concept terminologically or confine it by means of one of the many definitions which have been coined, from Karl Mannheim to Josef A. Schumpeter, for we are concerned here all-inclusively with the people belonging to the intellectual professions. See further on this question Paul Noack's concise and instructive Die Intellektuellen. Wirkung, Versagen, Verdienst (Munich, 1961).