(Deaths induced inadvertently by a physician or surgeon or by medical treatment or diagnostic procedures)
| Condition | Deaths | Cost Billion $s | Author |
| Adverse Drug Reactions | 106,000 | 12 | Lazarou (1) Suh (49) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Medical error | 98,000 | 2 | IOM (6) |
| Bedsores | 115,000 | 55 | Xakellis (7) Barczak (8) |
| Infection | 88,000 | 5 | Weinstein (9) MMWR (10) |
| Malnutrition | 108,800 | — | Nurses Coalition (11) |
| Outpatients | 199,000 | 77 | Starfield (12) Weingart (1, 12) |
| Unnecessary Procedures | 37,136 | 122 | HCUP(3, 13) |
| Surgery-Related | 32,000 | 9 | AHRQ(8,5) |
| TOTAL | 783,936 | 282 | |
We could have an even higher death rate by using Dr. Lucien Leape's 1997 medical and drug error rate of 3 million. (14) Multiplied by the fatality rate of 14% (that Leape used in 1994 (16) we arrive at an annual death rate of 420,000 for drug errors and medical errors combined. If we put this number in place of Lazorou's 106,000 drug errors and the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) 98,000 medical errors, we could add another 216,000 deaths making a total of 999,936 deaths annually.
| ADR/med error | 420,000 | $200 billion | Leape 1997(14) |
| TOTAL | 999,936 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Unnecessary Events | People Affected (Millions) | Iatrogenic Events (Millions) |
| Hospitalization | 8.9 (4) | 1.78 (16) |
| Procedures | 7.5 (3) | 1.3 (40) |
| TOTAL | 16.4 | 3.08 |
|---|
The enumerating of unnecessary medical events is very important in our analysis. Any medical procedure that is invasive and not necessary must be considered as part of the larger iatrogenic picture. Unfortunately, cause and effect go unmonitored. The figures on unnecessary events represent people ("patients") who are thrust into a dangerous health care system. They are helpless victims. Each one of these 16.4 million lives is being affected in a way that could have a fatal consequence. Simply entering a hospital could result in the following (out of 16. 4 million people):
All the statistics above represent a one-year time span. Imagine the numbers over a 10-year period. Working with the most conservative figures from our statistics we project the following 10-year death rates.
| Projected Ten-Year Death Rates | |
|---|---|
| Condition | 10-Year Deaths |
| Adverse Drug Reaction | 1.06 million |
| Medical error | 0.98 million |
| Bedsores | 1.15 million |
| Nosocomial Infection | 0.88 million |
| Malnutrition | 1.09 million |
| Outpatients | 1.99 million |
| Unnecessary Procedures | 371,360 |
| Surgery-related | 320,000 |
| TOTAL | 7,841,360 (7.8 million) |
Our projected statistic of 7.8 million iatrogenic deaths is more than all the casualties from wars that America has fought in its entire history.
Our projected figures for unnecessary medical events occurring over a 10-year period are also dramatic.
| Projected Ten-Year Statistics | ||
|---|---|---|
| Unnecessary Events | 10-Year Number | Iatrogenic Events |
| Hospitalization | 89 million | 17 million |
| Procedures | 75 million | 13 million |
| TOTAL | 164 million | 30 million |
These projected figures show that a total of 164 million people, approximately 56% of the population of the United States, have been treated unnecessarily by the medical industry — in other words, nearly 50,000 people per day.